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This e-book examines technologies for reducing water consumption during cleaning, especially given the availability of fresh water around the world and the difficulties we will have in obtaining supplies of fresh water in the future. It discusses the chemical and physical properties of water, particularly as they relate to its use in cleaning, and examines new chemical formulations and cleaning methods that are helping reduce water temperature and consumption.
This e-book looks at the key developments in cleaning technology and cleaning products and how, in response to legislative and consumer needs, they are becoming more sustainable. It addresses how regional differences in cleaning impact on water use and how this serves both as a challenge and an opportunity to the industry.
Executive summary
Introduction and methodology
- Objective
- Scope
- Methodology
- List of definitions
The cleaning products industry
- Water availability around the world
- Properties of water
- Water treatment
- Desalination of sea water
- Treatment of drinking water
- Treatment of waste water
- Life-cycle assessment
Chemistries for reducing water consumption
- Cleaning products and detergents
- Manufacture of detergents and cleaning products
- Manufacture of cleaner ingredients
- Cleaner manufacture
- Cleaning formulation trends
- Water reduction technologies
- Disinfecting technologies
- Ozone
- Silver ions
- Use of greywater
Cleaning technologies for reducing water use
- Household
- Laundry and washing machines
- Dishwashing
- Hard surface cleaning
- Carpet cleaning
- Personal
- Industrial and institutional cleaning
Regional trends
- Introduction
- Developed regions not water stressed
- Developed regions that are water stressed
- Developing regions not water stressed
- Developing regions that are water stressed
- Middle East and North Africa
- Sub-Sarahan Africa
- The Indian sub-continent
- China
The future of water reduction technologies
- Water stress and its effect on the consumer
- Technologies needed to reduce water used during cleaning
- Alternatives to water
- Manufacture of cleaners
- Techniques for using cleaners and washing machines
- Preventing objects from becoming dirty
- Formulation of cleaning products