Intelligent Lighting Controls

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According to the U.S. Department of Energy, lighting accounts for 20 per cent of all energy consumption in the United States and 40 per cent of the average commercial building's electric bill. Recent advances in the efficiency of lighting equipment present major opportunities for building owners to reduce operating costs and to cut carbon emissions -- without sacrificing the light levels necessary for productivity. This eBook delves into new regulations which will impact the lighting marketplace, including: New York City's mandate to retrofit its largest buildings to current energy codes; energy standard language extending the scope of codes to existing buildings undergoing significant lamp-plus-ballast retrofits; and the legislated phasing out of magnetic fluorescent T12 systems. Also reviewed are various automatic lighting control strategies, and leading and emerging technologies of interest.

Executive Summary

Lighting Control Technologies and Markets of Interest

Introduction and Methodology

Objective
Scope
Methodology
Glossary
Abbreviations

Lighting-control Strategies

Introduction
Control Methods
- Switching
- Dimming
Light Sources
- Incandescent/Halogen
- Fluorescent
- HID
- LED
- Neon/Cold Cathode
- Plasma
Control Strategies
- Manual Control
- Time Scheduling
- Occupancy Sensing
- Daylight Harvesting
- Demand Response
- Lumen-maintenance dimming
- Adaptive Compensation

Lighting-control Demand Drivers and Barriers

Introduction
Drivers
- Energy Management
- Energy Codes
- LEED and Green Building Codes
- Demand Response
Barriers
- Initial Cost/Insufficient Payback
- Structural Limitations
- Lack of Education

Automatic Energy-saving Control Technologies

Introduction
Occupancy Sensors
Low-voltage Control Systems
Photo controls
Dimming Ballasts
End-use Trends
Introduction
New Construction
Existing Buildings
Outdoor
Residential

Outlook for Lighting-control Technologies

Outlook
- Occupancy Sensors
- Bi-level Lighting
- Continuous Dimming
- Photo controls
- Distributed Digital Control
- RF Wireless Controls
- Existing Buildings
- DC Power Distribution

Tables

TABLE 2.1 Share of fluorescent ballast shipment value by technology, 2010 (%)
TABLE 2.2 Energy savings potential of popular advanced lighting-control strategies in various building spaces
TABLE 5.1 Major lighting-control equipment types serving the commercial market
TABLE 5.2 Major lighting-control equipment types serving the existing buildings market
TABLE 5.3 Major lighting-control equipment types serving the outdoor stationary lighting market
TABLE 5.4 Major lighting-control equipment types serving the residential lighting market

Figures

FIGURE 2.1 Fluorescent 4-foot linear lamp sales index, 2010
FIGURE 2.2 HID lamp sales index, 2010
FIGURE 2.3 Manual dimming lighting-control strategy
FIGURE 2.4 Time-scheduling lighting-control strategy
FIGURE 2.5 Occupancy-sensing lighting-control strategy
FIGURE 2.6 Daylight harvesting lighting-control strategy
FIGURE 2.7 Demand-response lighting-control strategy
FIGURE 3.1 Adoption status of commercial building codes in the US
FIGURE 3.2 Adoption status of demand-response programs in the US
FIGURE 4.1 Occupancy sensors
FIGURE 4.2 Intelligent low-voltage control system
FIGURE 4.3 Photo controls
FIGURE 4.4 Fluorescent and HID dimming ballasts
FIGURE 6.1 Example of more light being used than is needed
FIGURE 6.2 Example of saving energy by controlling current