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This study forms part of a suite of three technology studies from Smithers Pira, focussing on developments in photovoltaics. In-line with the increasing interest in and uptake of photovoltaics (PV), this brand new technology study examines the latest technological developments in photovoltaic (PV) system design. The study takes a thorough look at current and emerging cell and module technologies and compares performance among a range of array configurations. It details a systems approach to component selection and array optimization in order to provide maximum performance. Both grid-connected and grid-independent scenarios are considered and system economics and PV markets are also discussed. The study also covers system maintenance, electrical design, structural loading and location, as well as future trends in PV system design. This study is essential ready for anyone involved in or considering photovoltaics.
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- Photovoltaic arrays and relative performance
- Electrical design considerations
- Future trends in photovoltaic system design
Executive Summary
Introduction
- Current applications of PV
- Abbreviations and definitions
PV and Solar Insolation Fundamentals
- Solar irradiance or insolation
- PV cell and module technologies
- PV systems and components
- Grid-connected and grid-independent systems
PV Array Configurations and Relative Performance
- Array configurations
- Flat-plate, non-tracking arrays
- Flat-plate, one- or two-axis tracking arrays
- Concentrating arrays
- Array performance
- Comparison of performance between thin-film and crystalline cells
- Comparison of performance between different array configurations
- Array configuration pros and cons
- Effect of tilt and azimuth on performance
- Flat-plate-fixed
- Tracking
- Other considerations
PV Electrical Performance Determination
- Optimsing PV array performance with energy efficiency
- Determining the energy requirements
- Simulating the performance of a PV array
- Currently available performance simulation programmes
- Determining a preliminary system performance
- Design optimisation
PV System Layout
- Minimising the effects of wind loading
- Effects of shading on performance
- Calculating spacing between rows
- Effect of tilt on spacing and performance
- Maintenance considerations
- Array structural support
- Equipment location
Electrical Design Considerations
- Component selection
- Interconnection issues
- Codes and standards
- Safety considerations
Future Trends in PV System Design